Puddling-furnace



(No Model.) 2 sheets-sheen 1.

- J. BERGQVIST. PUDDLING FURNAGE.

Patented Oct. 114, 1881.

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- (,No Model.) y Jl BERGQ'VIST' `2 Sheets-Sheet 2. v

'PUDDLING FURNAGE.

11o. 248,081.. Patented 0 01. 11,1881.

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JOHN BEEcQvisr, or TRENroN, NEw JERSEY.

PUDDLlNG-FURNACE.

'SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Ilatent No.- 248,081, dated October 11, 1881.

applicati@ nien July 3o, wel. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Trenton7 in the county of Mercer and State of New Jersey, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Puddling-Furn aces, of which the following is a specification.

Myinvention relates to puddling and smelting furnaces, in which a mass of the materialv by intense heat and strong blast is kept in a state of fusion, or nearly so, whereby the im-` purities, easier fusible than the iron, is smeltcd breaking up with an iron bar the fusing mass,

tion of the blast. The intense heat soon (le-1 stroys and necessitates a frequent rebuilding of such furnaces, thereby consuming much ex-v tra labor and causing much waste of time.

' Brooklyn, N. Y. 4o:l

.,puddling and smelting furnace.

.and suitable fulcra for applying the puddling-f bar with the best leverage and to the best advantage. E The invention has been made more espe-Q cially with the view ot' converting cast-iron intoi such tough and strong wrought-iron as is used Y to make cable-Wire of for the great suspensionbridge between the cities of lNew York angd.

In theaccompanying two sheets ofdrawings, Figure 1 represents a top view of my improved Fig. 2 isa front view of the saine. Fig. 3 is a verticat cross-section on the line x x of Fig. 1,1(seen in direction ot' arrow 1.) Fig. 4. is a longitudinal; vertical section on the line yy of Fig. 1. Fig; 'is a detail perspective view of the puddlingl orsmelting trough. Fig. 6 isa detail perspective view of one of the breasts or tuyere-plates. Fig. 7 is a vdetail vertical section on the line zz of Fig. 8 ,and seen in direction of arrow 2,

I showing one of the two plates which form the Beit known that I, JOHN BERGQvIsr, of`

twoside walls ot' the furnace. Fig. 8 is a detail vertical view of the said side plate, (seen` from the inside ofthe furnace.) Fig. 9 is adetail front view of the front plate or front wall. Fig. l0 is a vertical section of the same, taken on 'the line u1 w of Fig. 9, (seen in direction of arrow 3.) Fig. l1 is a cross-section of a modivfication of the smelting-trough, taken onthe ssl linc c v of Fig. 5, and seen in direction of ar-I row 4. Fig. 12is a detail perspective view of one of the legs that support the working-table in the front of the furnace.

Like letters'of reference indicate like parts in the several gu'res.

The furnace-bottom consists of one single fiat cast-iron plate, A, having a-large square or rectangular'opening, a, at or about its middle, and a small vertical flange, a', around its entire edge. The rear wall, B, the two side walls, C, and the front wall, D, each consisting of one single'cast-iron plate, are erected upon the said foundation -plate A, and confined within its flange a in position with their respective edges in proper inter-contact, as shown in Sheet 1. The rear wall, B, has an arched opening, b, beneath the furnace-roof, which opening forms the entrance to a forewarming-oven, E, into which the gases of combustion enter from the furnace, and then ascend through oyneorv morealong their vertical corners. `rlhe said boltsV f and holes are not shown in thcfdraWDgs.

Each plate C has also, near its ,upper edge, an inside horizontal ange, c., to support thereof G, the latter consisting of,- preferably, two

curved cast-iron plates, which, resting with .1

'their edges upon the two opposite iiangesc',

form an arch overl the furnace.

The front wall, D, has a small internallyange'd upper opening, d, through which lac-` IOO cess is gained to rake the forewarmed pig-iron from the oven E into the puddling-trough, and

below the rake-hole d a large working-opening, d', surrounded on three sides, on the inside of the plate D, with au angular or reverted strengthening-ange, d2, ruiming down to the base-liange d6, and which serves also to retain the tire-bricks needed to protect the front plate and shield the workman from thc intense heat of the furnace.

At about or slightly above the top level of the puddling-trough the opening d is made a little narrower, forming two shoulders, d3, on which rests the inward slightly-projecting ed ge ot' the workingtable H, which iills the width of theopeningd, and is thereby prevented from accidental lateral movement.

I is a gate formed ot' two horizontal wroughtiron bars, united by vertical cross-bars and hinged to lugs d* on the plate D, at one side of the openings d, so that it can be swung across the said opening and held closed by being latched on a hook, di, at the opposite side ofthe said opening. The object ot' the gate I is to afford various fulcra, at different elevations and lateral positions, for applying the puddling-bar.

The table H is surrounded at its three outer edges with a small vertical flange, and is supported on two angular brackets, J, resting by their ieetj in sockets r, formed by cleats cast on the foot-plate K.

The bracket J is formed as shown in Figs. 4 and l2, the inner end of its inclined table-su pporting arm T-shaped in cross-section, being notched at j (see Fig. l2) by cutting into the 'firmly in position.

horizontal arm ot' the T 011 both sides of the vertical stem, evenly to the latter.

The notched end ci' the bracket is secured to the front wall,D, by being inserted in a suitable T-shaped opening, d5, whose vertical stem of theTis longer than that of the notched bracket-arm, so that (the width of the notches y" being slightly greater than the thickness of the front wall, D) the said arm will sink down in the vertical stem ot' the hole d5, entirely below the horizontal arm ofthe same, and grasp the edges of the plate adjacent to the hole d5 in the notchesj, thereby securing the bracket Stops j?, formed upon the outer end ot' the supporting bracket-arm and iitting into little notches in the outer edge of the table H, )revcnt the latter from sliding out from the furnace endwise.

The side wall, C, is provided with a square opening, c2, iianged all round on the inside of the wall, to receive from the inside the breastplate L and support the saine.

Flush with the base ofthe opening c2 extends outward a bracket, c3, and on the inside, a little below the flange of the opening c2, are two vertical flanges, c4, reaching down to the base ofthe plate C, and projecting inward far enough to be Hush with the inner surface of plate L. Below the bracket c3, between the two anges c4, is a water-hole, c5, through the plate C.

The breast-plate L is a square cast-iron plate considerably larger than the opening c2, so that when inserted, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4,

its upper portion projects a proper distance above the said opening to protect the wall C from direct contact with the iialnes. For the same purpose, and also to prevent warping, the breast L is provided around its edge with a iiange, l, ot' about the saine depth as the flange around the opening c2, and the portion of the breast which ills the said opening is much thicker than the rest, which thickness is still more increased downward, to give strength to the sides and top ofthe conical tuyere-opening l,whose tlat bottom is ush with thelower edge of the hole c2, upon which edge also the side walls ofthe tuyere-opening rest and support the breast L. The breast L is further supported by its lower edge and edge -iiange l, resting upon the upper edge of the two tianges c4 of the side wall, C. A horizontal flange, l2, which is cast upon the breast above the tuyereopening l, and is of about the same length as the width of the opening c2, projects into or through the latter opening and insures the correct position laterally ot the breast L. The tuyere (omitted in the drawings) is secured in the opening l by a tightening wedge or key inserted in the key seat Z3 in the upper edge ofthe latter opening. The breastLis secured in upright position against the side wall, C, by bolts going through the said breast and wall, which bolts are inserted from the inside through countersunk holes L4. (See Fig. 4.) At the side of the tuyere is a hole, l5, through the breast, for the purpose of applying the puddle-bar occasionally and for observation needed in regulating the blast.

M is the puddling or smelting trough, consisting ofthe bottom plate, m, having a slight cavity, m', the two vertical side walls, m2, the vertical frontend wall m3and the backwardincliningrear-end wall m4. One or both sides, m2, may be made to incline outward, as shown in Fig. l1. The space between the front end, m3, ot' the trough M and the front wall, D, of the furnace is iilled with fire-brick, as is also the space between the rear end, m4, and the rear furnacewall, B; but the sides m2 stand up against the anges c4 ot' the side walls, C, withoutbrickcovering. ThetroughMisplaced directly upon the opening a in the bottom plate, A, of the furnace, and directly beneath said opening is au iron watertrough, N, ruiming across the full width of the furnace and projecting on both sides thereof. The smeltingtrough M is kept cooled by constant streams of water, allowed to enter on opposite sides thereof through the holes c5, and discharging throughtheoveriiow-pipea. (SeeFigs.3and4.)

e is the bottom plate of the forewarmingoven E, and rests with its front end upon the lower edge of the opening b in the rear furnace-wall, B.

O is a vertical sliding door, through which the pig-iron is introduced in the oven E and there left to be heated by the escaping gases of combustion before being rakedvdown into the smelting-trough M.

In some smelting-furnaces cold blast is ex- IIO Mausi I a clusively used, in others heated blast only; but as the quality of pigfiron varieseonsiderably, frequently even in the small quantities used for two consecutive smeltings, and as it is found that the temperature of the blast has a decidedly different inlluence upon the different qualities, it is desirable that heated blast should occasionally be substituted vfor cold blast, and vice versa, in the same furnace. To this end, and also for the purpose'of-conveniently removing the blast-nozzle and adjacent pipes out of the Way when fixing the tuyeres and for other reasons, I have constructed land arranged the blast apparatus in the following manner:

The main blast-pipe P is arranged above and across the furnace, as shown in Figs. l andv2, its ends bending down at opposite sides thereof', and terminating with an air-valve, Q, brach-f,

eted to each side wall, G, the valves being operated by means of the handles q to -admit or shut 0E the blast from the tuyeres.

Near the entrancep ofthe pipe P is the entrance p of an equally large pipe, P', which, in the form of a long U, is placed horizontally i in and returns from the heating-oven F, ending into the cold-air pipe PJ. By an ordinary two-wayv valve,"(n'ct shown in the drawings) the blast is led to the pipe P either'through the entrance p and heated pipe P', when warm blast is desired, or directly through the .entrancep when cold blast is required.

From each valve Q the blast reaches the tuyeres by means of three elboiyfpipesll and a nozzle, U, which are interconnected in their respective order by movable flan ,ge-joints r s t and the ball-and-socketjoint u. By this construction the blast-nozzlespU can be adjusted to act in any Adirection desired, and can be easily withdrawn; frritlidy'eres without bein-gletahadrom theV pipe T, and, together' with the pipes T S R, may be conveniently raised or lowered or moved laterally along the side Walls, C, or outward from the same, according as may suitthepurpose of such positions. l A

With this geneial construction the outer walls of the furnace will stand in working order for a very considerable length of time, no other repairs being needed than occasionally replacing the trough M with newv plates, and, less frequently, the breast-,plate L. V'Ihe bottom plate, A, has water-holes a2 between the trough lVI and the side Walls, C.

Having thus described my invention, what L 'elailn as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

breast-plates, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. In a puddling or smelting furnace, the combination of the foundation-plate A, having perirnetric an ge a', the side plates, G, havingilan ges c c', the curved roof-plates Gr, the rear plate, B, having opening I), and the front plate, D, provided with the openings d d', substantially as specied.

3. The combination, in a smelting-furnace, ot' the front plate, D, having workin g-openin g d', shoulders d3 in or about-the said opening, and

holes or notches d5 atthe sides of said opening, l

with the angular brackets J, having catch j to engage in the said notches, and shoulders jz to retain the table H, and with the foot-plate K, having sockets k to receive the feet of the said bracketssubstantially as specified.

4. The combination, with the front plate, D, havingworking-opening d', ofthe hinged grate iron gate I, arranged across the said opening, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

5. The foundation-plate A, having central opening, a, and water-holes a?, arranged as described, in combination with the subjaeent Water-trough N, the superjacent smelting-trough M, and the side plates, C, having water-holes c5, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

6. The combination of the side plate, C, provided with the flanged opening c2 and flanges 04,'with the breast-plate L, provided with' the perimetric tia-nge Z, retaining-flange Z2, tuyereopening l', and side holes, Z5, and with the smelting-trough M, substantially as specified.

7. The combination, with ythe smelting-furnace, of the horizontal forewarming-oveu E, arranged opposite to the rake-hole d in the front wall, D, and the superjacent oven or iluc F, containing the blast-pipe P', substantially as specified.

8. The combination of the blast-pipe P,'ar ranged above and across the furnace in free exposure to cuter air, with the air-valves Q, arranged at the sides ofthe furnace, and with the reeurved pipe P, having separate inlet p,and arranged within the heatingue or oven F, substantially as and for the purpose set forthl 9. In `combination with the air-valves Q, secured at opposite sides of the smeltin g-furnace, the` elbow-pipes R S T, interconnected by movable iiange-j oints r s t, as shown and described, and for the purpose set forth.

10. In combination with the stationary airvalves Q and the movably interconnected elbow-pipes R S T, the blast nozzle U, connected .t 'the lower elbow-pipe, T, by a bali-and- IOO 

